Bya Julia Martin-Ortega, Brent Jacobs na Dana Cordell

Hatariho fosifore ibiryo ntibishobora kubyazwa umusaruro, kubera ko ibimera ninyamaswa byose bikenera gukura.Mu magambo make: niba nta fosifore ihari, nta buzima.Nkibyo, ifumbire ishingiye kuri fosifore - ni “P” mu ifumbire ya “NPK” - yabaye ingenzi kuri gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi.

Fosifore nyinshi ituruka ku rutare rwa fosifate idashobora kuvugururwa, kandi ntishobora guhuzwa mu buryo bwa gihanga.Abahinzi bose rero bakeneye kuyigeraho, ariko 85% by'ibuye risigaye rya fosifate yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isi ryibanze mu bihugu bitanu gusa (bimwe muri byo bikaba “bigoye cyane”): Maroc, Ubushinwa, Misiri, Alijeriya na Afurika y'Epfo.

Mirongo irindwi kw'ijana iboneka muri Maroc honyine.Ibi bituma gahunda y'ibiribwa ku isi ishobora kwibasirwa cyane n’ihungabana mu itangwa rya fosifore rishobora gutuma izamuka ry’ibiciro ritunguranye.Kurugero, muri 2008 igiciro cyifumbire ya fosifeti cyiyongereyeho 800%.

Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha fosifore mu musaruro w'ibiribwa ntibikora neza cyane, kuva mu birombe kugeza mu murima kugeza ku cyatsi.Yirukana ubutaka bwubuhinzi mu nzuzi n’ibiyaga, amazi yanduye nayo ashobora kwica amafi n’ibimera, kandi bigatuma amazi yangiza cyane ku buryo atayanywa.

Mu Bwongereza honyine, munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cya toni 174.000 za fosifate yatumijwe mu mahanga ikoreshwa mu buryo butanga umusaruro mu guhinga ibiryo, hamwe na fosifore isa na yo yapimwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, imbibi z’umubumbe (“umutekano w’isi”) ku bwinshi bwa fosifore yinjira muri sisitemu y’amazi zimaze kurenga.

Keretse niba duhinduye muburyo dukoresha fosifore, ihungabana iryo ariryo ryose rizatera ikibazo cyibiribwa ku isi kuko ibihugu byinshi biterwa n’ifumbire yatumijwe mu mahanga.Gukoresha fosifore muburyo bwubwenge, harimo no gukoresha fosifore yongeye gukoreshwa, byafasha kandi imigezi n'ibiyaga bimaze guhangayika.

Muri iki gihe turimo kuzamuka ku giciro cya gatatu cy’ifumbire mvaruganda ya fosifate mu myaka 50, tubikesha icyorezo cya COVID-19, Ubushinwa (ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga) bishyiraho amahoro yoherezwa mu mahanga, n’Uburusiya (umwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa bitanu bya mbere) bibuza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hanyuma bigatera muri Ukraine.Kuva icyorezo cyatangira, ibiciro by'ifumbire byazamutse cyane kandi igihe kimwe cyari cyikubye kane mu myaka ibiri.Baracyari ku rwego rwo hejuru kuva 2008.