Amagambo yavuye: “Ubumenyi bwa Pesticide Science and Management” nomero 12, 2022

Umwanditsi: Lu Jianjun

Hamwe no gukwirakwiza e-ubucuruzi na interineti mu cyaro, kuzamura urwego rw’uburezi bw’abahinzi, ndetse n’ingaruka z’icyorezo gishya cy’ikamba, imibereho yo “kureka amakuru akagenda cyane kandi umubiri ukagenda ingendo nke” byahindutse gukurikirana. abahinzi muri iki gihe.Ni muri urwo rwego, umwanya w’isoko gakondo, urwego rwinshi rwa interineti uburyo bwo kugurisha imiti yica udukoko bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, mugihe imikorere ya interineti yimiti yica udukoko yerekana imbaraga, kandi umwanya w isoko ukomeje kwaguka, uhinduka uburyo bukomeye.Nyamara, kugenzura imikorere ya interineti y’imiti yica udukoko ntabwo byashimangiwe icyarimwe, ndetse hari aho bihurira ndetse bifite nubugenzuzi.Niba nta gisubizo gifatika gifashwe, ntabwo bizabangamira iterambere ry’inganda gusa, ahubwo bizanangiza umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, amafaranga y’abahinzi, amafaranga y’abantu n’inyamaswa n’umutekano w’ibidukikije, nibindi bizagira ingaruka mbi.

Imiterere yubu yimikorere ya pesticide

amategeko y’igihugu cyanjye ajyanye n’ingingo ateganya ko ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko ryerekeye “E-Ubucuruzi bwa Repubulika y’Ubushinwa” iteganya ko ibikorwa bya e-bucuruzi mu karere ka Repubulika y’Ubushinwa bigomba kubahiriza iri tegeko.E-ubucuruzi bivuga ibikorwa byubucuruzi byo kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa gutanga serivisi binyuze mumiyoboro yamakuru nka interineti.Gukoresha interineti kugirango ukore ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwica udukoko nibyiciro bya e-ubucuruzi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakoresha interineti yica udukoko bagomba kwiyandikisha nkibigo by’isoko hakurikijwe “Amategeko y’ubucuruzi yo muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa”, kandi ibikorwa byabo by’ubucuruzi bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa.Iyo ibikorwa byubucuruzi binaniwe kubahiriza inshingano zamasezerano, cyangwa guteza ibyangiritse kubandi, cyangwa kudatangaza amakuru yuburenganzira bwubucuruzi, amakuru yimpushya zubutegetsi, nandi makuru mumwanya ukomeye kurugo, bagomba kuryozwa amategeko.Ingingo ya 21 y '“Ingamba z’Ubuyobozi bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo kwica udukoko twangiza udukoko” iteganya ko imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu buryo budakwiye gukoreshwa binyuze kuri interineti, kandi uruhushya rw’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko ruzaboneka kugira ngo rukoreshe interineti kugira ngo ikoreshe indi miti yica udukoko.

Imiterere yigihugu cya mitiweli yica udukoko mugihugu cya interineti Igikorwa cyo kwica udukoko kuri interineti gikoresha urubuga rwa gatatu rwubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi, imwe ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi gakondo, ruzwi kandi nka e-ubucuruzi bwishakisha, nka Taobao, JD.com, Pinduoduo, nibindi. .;ikindi ni urubuga rushya rwa e-ubucuruzi, Bizwi kandi nka e-ubucuruzi bwinyungu, nka Douyin, Kuaishou, nibindi. Abakora babishoboye nabo barashobora kwiyubakira urubuga rwabo rwo kwamamaza.Kurugero, Huifeng Co., Ltd hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’iterambere ry’udukoko twangiza udukoko two mu Bushinwa bakoresheje urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi “Nongyiwang”.Kugeza ubu, Taobao.com ni urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi mu bucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza imyaka 4,200.Ibikoresho byubuhinzi bya Feixiang nisosiyete ikora ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi hamwe n’ibikorwa byinshi by’imiti yica udukoko mu mbuga gakondo za e-ubucuruzi.Igurishwa ryayo, umubare wabasura, umubare wabashakashatsi, igipimo cyo guhindura amafaranga nibindi bipimo byashyizwe kumwanya wa mbere mumyaka itatu ikurikiranye.Inyandiko zirenga 10,000.“Nongyiwang” ifata icyitegererezo cyinzego eshatu za “platform + intara ikoreramo + yo kugura icyaro”, kandi igafatanya n’inganda 200 za mbere zizwi cyane mu nganda kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byuzuzwe kandi bishimangire hamwe ibyiza by’ibicuruzwa.Kuva yatangizwa mu Gushyingo 2014, yateje imbere ibiro birenga 800 byo ku rwego rw'intara, yandikisha abakozi barenga 50.000, kandi ikusanya ibicuruzwa bisaga miliyari imwe.Agace ka serivisi gafite 70% byubuhinzi bwimbere mu gihugu kandi ni miliyoni icumi.Abahinzi batanga ibikoresho byubuhinzi byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bihendutse.

Ibibazo mubikorwa bya interineti yica udukoko

Biragoye ko abahinzi barengera uburenganzira bwabo.Kugura imiti yica udukoko ukoresheje interineti bitandukanye no kugura imiti yica udukoko mububiko bwumubiri.Abaguzi bica udukoko hamwe nababikora mubisanzwe ntabwo bahura, kandi iyo havutse amakimbirane meza, ntibashobora kuvugana imbona nkubone.Muri icyo gihe, abahinzi ntibazasaba abacuruzi inyemezabuguzi niba batekereza ko muri rusange ari ikibazo, bigatuma nta shingiro ritaziguye ry’imiti yica udukoko.Byongeye kandi, abahinzi bemeza ko kurengera uburenganzira bitwara igihe kandi bisaba akazi cyane, kandi abahinzi bamwe batekereza ko bagize igihombo kandi barashutswe kandi bafite igihombo.Impamvu zavuzwe haruguru zitera kutamenya kurengera uburenganzira bw’abahinzi n’ubushobozi buke bwo kurengera uburenganzira bwabo.Cyane cyane nyuma y’impanuka zatewe n’ibihingwa, kubera ko abahinzi batumva amategeko n'amabwiriza abigenga, aho gutanga raporo ku nzego z’ubuhinzi n’icyaro zibifitiye ububasha mu gihe gikwiye, gukosora ibimenyetso, kwandika ibimenyetso by’imvune, no gutegura ibimenyetso by’imvune, bitotombeye ahantu hose ubwabo, kandi babuze inyandiko yimvune.Igihe cyiza kiganisha ku kubura ibimenyetso, amaherezo bikagora kurengera uburenganzira.

Igipimo cyo gutsinda imiti yica udukoko ni gito.Ku ruhande rumwe, abayobozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi n’icyaro bibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo hanze ku isoko ry’imiti yica udukoko, kutagira uburambe mu kugenzura imiyoboro ya e-bucuruzi, hamwe n’ibintu nkigihe kinini n'umwanya bikoreshwa mu miyoboro, hamwe n'ingorane y'iperereza no gukusanya ibimenyetso.Intege nke.By'umwihariko, urubuga nka Douyin na Kuaishou, n'abacuruzi bafitanye isano basunika ibicuruzwa ku ngingo ukurikije uko abahinzi bahinga ndetse n'ibiranga ibiyobyabwenge.Inzego zibishinzwe ntizishobora kubona amakuru yibicuruzwa, ntabwo rero zishobora gushyira mubikorwa ubugenzuzi bwiza.Ku rundi ruhande, abahinzi bamwe na bamwe bitondera gusa akamaro ko kuzamura label, bakibwira ko uko igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa ryagutse, ari byiza, urugero rw’ibiyobyabwenge, ni byiza, kandi binini kandi byinshi “by’amahanga ”Izina ryisosiyete ni, isosiyete izarushaho gukomera.Bitewe nubucamanza bwaribeshye, imiti yica udukoko twiganano kandi idahwitse yungutse ahantu runaka, kandi kugurisha kugurisha imiti itandukanye yica udukoko byanze bikunze bizayobya, kandi biragoye gutandukanya icyiza n'ikibi.

Sisitemu yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko kumurongo igomba gushyirwaho.Ku ruhande rumwe, nta buryo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ubucuruzi bwica udukoko kuri interineti.Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwubucuruzi bwurusobe.Kugeza ubu, imiyoboro rusange yica udukoko twangiza udukoko turimo ubwoko bwa platform hamwe nubwoko bwububiko bwikorera, bushobora gushingira kumurongo wa gatatu wubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi, Urashobora kandi kubaka urubuga rwawe bwite, WeChat, QQ, Weibo nibindi bicuruzwa, ubwoko bwose .Kurundi ruhande, kugenzura no gukurikirana amatangazo yatangajwe nabakoresha interineti ntabwo arigihe.Amatangazo amwe yamamaza, amatangazo yamamaza, hamwe niyamamaza ryamajwi arekurwa bitabaye ngombwa ko bisuzumwa nubuyobozi bubishoboye bwubuhinzi nicyaro.Biragoye kwemeza ubuzimagatozi bwibigo nibicuruzwa.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kugengwa ninkomoko no gushyiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo kugera, bufasha iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ryiterambere rya e-ubucuruzi bwica udukoko.

Biragoye kwemeza siyanse yica udukoko.Ingingo ya 20 y’ingamba z’ubuyobozi bw’uruhushya rw’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko n’indwara, kandi mugihe bibaye ngombwa, kugenzura niba udukoko n’udukoko twabereye, dusabe imiti yica udukoko, kandi ntigomba kuyobya ubuhanga. abaguzi.Ubu imiti yica udukoko igurishwa kumurongo, byoroshya inzira ya serivisi.Abenshi muribo ni abaguzi n'abagurisha.Biragoye kubakoresha kubaza abaguzi, kugenzura aho indwara zangiza nudukoko twangiza, kandi mubuhanga muburyo bwa siyanse.Ikirenzeho, ukoresheje uburyo buke bwo kugenzura imiti yica udukoko murusobe, ugasaba imiti yica udukoko irenze urugero hamwe nubunini.Kurugero, bamwe mubakoresha imiyoboro yica udukoko bafata avermectin nkumuti wica udukoko wangiza isi.Byiza, gusa saba kongeramo abamectin uko ushaka.

Kurwanya ingamba zo kugenzura imicungire ya interineti yica udukoko

Guhindura Amabwiriza agenga imicungire yica udukoko, icya mbere ni ugusobanura ibisobanuro byimiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa kuri interineti.Imikoreshereze iyo ari yo yose ya e-ubucuruzi, imiyoboro ngufi ya videwo, WeChat hamwe n’indi miyoboro ya elegitoronike hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho kugira ngo hamenyekane ingingo cyangwa ingingo nyinshi cyangwa kuzamura imiti yica udukoko biri mu cyiciro cy’ubucuruzi bw’udukoko twangiza udukoko.Iya kabiri ni ugushimangira ubumenyi bwubucuruzi no gucunga imyitwarire.Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko kuri interineti, umuntu agomba kubona uruhushya rwubucuruzi bwica udukoko, gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko no kugurisha, kandi akandika mubyukuri amakuru yatanzwe, ibyangombwa biranga abaguzi, nibihingwa byica udukoko.Icya gatatu ni ugusobanura ko inyandiko, amashusho, amajwi nandi makuru ajyanye nubwiza n’imikoreshereze y’imiti yica udukoko twashyizwe ahagaragara n’abakoresha imiti yica udukoko kuri interineti ari mu cyiciro cy’iyamamaza ry’udukoko, kandi ibiyikubiyemo bigomba kwemezwa n’ubuyobozi bubishinzwe bw’ubuhinzi n’icyaro bubifitiye ububasha.

Gushiraho uburyo bwanditse bwo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko Kuruhande rumwe, mugihe abayobozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi nicyaro basabye uruhushya rwo gukora imiti yica udukoko cyangwa gusaba kongererwa uruhushya rwo gukora, bagomba gukora iperereza kubakoresha kandi bakandika abakoresha interineti yica udukoko.Ubwoko bwica udukoko, amashusho, inyandiko, videwo nandi makuru yatangajwe kumurongo.Iya kabiri ni uguhindura amakuru yanditse muruhushya rwubucuruzi bwica udukoko no kongera amakuru kumurongo wubucuruzi bwica udukoko kumurongo.Icya gatatu nugukora dosiye yubwoko bwica udukoko bukorerwa kuri enterineti.Ubwoko bukorerwa kuri interineti bugomba kwemezwa ninzego zibishinzwe zubuhinzi nicyaro zibishoboye kwiyandikisha, impushya zo gukora, ibirango nandi makuru mbere yuko bigurishwa kumurongo.

Shimangira ubugenzuzi no kubahiriza amategeko.Ishami rishinzwe ubuhinzi, hamwe n’ubugenzuzi bw’isoko, umutekano rusange, na serivisi z’iposita, batangije gahunda idasanzwe yo gukosora ibikorwa bya interineti yica udukoko.Iya mbere ni ukwibanda ku gukuraho abadandaza imiti yica udukoko batujuje ibyangombwa no guhashya cyane kugurisha imiti yica udukoko twabujijwe kandi twabujijwe.Iya kabiri ni ihuriro ryo kugenzura kumurongo no kumurongo wa interineti, gukora igenzura ryibanze ryibanze ku moko afite ingaruka zo gukoresha zikaba nyinshi cyane ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa bisa kandi igiciro cyacyo kikaba kiri munsi y’ibicuruzwa bisa, kandi hakorwa iperereza kandi bigakorerwa imiti yica udukoko twiganano. hakurikijwe amategeko.Icya gatatu ni ugukora igenzura ryibikorwa byubucuruzi, cyane cyane guhashya imyitwarire yo gusaba ko hakoreshwa imiti yica udukoko irenze urugero rwo kuyishyira mu bikorwa, kwibanda, hamwe n’inshuro zikoreshwa hakurikijwe amategeko.Tegeka urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rutari rusanzwe hamwe n’abakoresha imiti yica udukoko kuri interineti kugira ngo bakosore mu gihe ntarengwa, kandi bakore iperereza kandi bakorane n’abakora badakosora cyangwa batujuje ibisabwa nyuma yo gukosorwa.

Kora akazi keza mugutangaza no guhugura.Ubwa mbere, hashingiwe ku “Itegeko rya E-Ubucuruzi rya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa”, “Amategeko yo kwamamaza Repubulika y’Ubushinwa”, “Amabwiriza y’imicungire y’udukoko”, “Ingamba zo gucunga ibyonnyi by’udukoko”, n'ibindi, byibanda ku kumenyekanisha no amahugurwa ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa hamwe n’imyitwarire y’ubucuruzi bw’imiti yica udukoko kuri interineti, kugenzura ibicuruzwa, ikoranabuhanga rirwanya udukoko, gucunga imiti yica udukoko, n'ibindi. Iya kabiri ni uguhugura abahinzi uburyo bwo kumenya imiti yica udukoko twangiza n’udukoko duto, gukoresha mu buryo bwa siyansi kandi bushyize mu gaciro. n'ubundi bumenyi, kugira ngo abahinzi bashobore gutsimbataza akamenyero ko gusaba inyemezabuguzi zo kugura igihe baguze imiti yica udukoko, no kumenyesha abayobozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi mu karere impanuka z’imiti yica udukoko mu gihe gikwiye, kugira ngo bashimangire ubumenyi bwabo bwo kurengera uburenganzira no kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kurengera uburenganzira.

Inkomoko: “Ubumenyi bwica udukoko nu micungire” nomero 12, 2022